Psychological Impacts of India-China Border Disputes: A Study on Border Populations of Arunachal Pradesh

Abstract

The border regions of Arunachal Pradesh share a disputed frontier with China, shaped by the unresolved legacy of the 1962 Sino-Indian War, persistent territorial claims by China and occasional border skirmishes. These geopolitical dynamics are more than strategic issues they profoundly affect the psychological well-being of local communities. This research explores the mental health implications, including fear, anxiety and chronic stress, among people residing near the Line of Actual Control (LAC). It examines how inadequate defense infrastructure, persistent uncertainty about security and historical trauma affect daily life and risk perceptions. Drawing on psychological stress theory and research on frontier populations, this study identifies key factors shaping psychological outcomes in border communities. Findings suggest that perceptions of insecurity and unpreparedness influence psychosocial functioning, social cohesion and livelihood confidence. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers to integrate psychological support systems alongside defense and development strategies in border areas.